Raspberry Piのバックアップ
SDカードのみの運用、他のコンポーネントの信頼性も不明瞭なので、とりあえずまるごとSynologyへバックアップを行い、故障などが起きた際に備えます。
Synologyでrsync利用設定
「コントロールパネル」「ファイルサービス」「rsync」タブの「rsyncサービスを有効にする」にチェックを入れます。。設定変更時には「適用」ボタンを押して設定を有効化する必要があります。
Raspberry Piのバックアップ設定（Rsync）
バックアップ対象
現在のボリューム構成は、以下となります。（「df -h」コマンド結果）
/ ルートフォルダ全体をバックアップ対象とし、バックアップから除外するファイルリストをファイルで準備します。「/rsync-exclude.txt」として準備しました。
@raspberrypi:~# df -h ファイルシス サイズ 使用 残り 使用% マウント位置 /dev/root 116G 5.8G 105G 6% / devtmpfs 459M 0 459M 0% /dev tmpfs 464M 0 464M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 464M 14M 450M 3% /run tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock tmpfs 464M 0 464M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mmcblk0p6 253M 40M 213M 16% /boot tmpfs 93M 0 93M 0% /run/user/1000 tmpfs 93M 0 93M 0% /run/user/1001
@raspberrypi:~# sudo vi /rsync-exclude.txt @raspberrypi:~# @raspberrypi:~# sudo cat /rsync-exclude.txt /proc/* /sys/* /dev/* /boot/* /tmp/* /run/* /mnt/* /var/tmp/* /var/log/* /media/*
rsyncコマンド
今回は、以下のコマンドを利用することにしました。
バックアップ先 /mnt/synology/raspberry_backup (フォルダは事前に作成して置きます)
sudo rsync -aEv --delete-during --exclude-from=/rsync-exclude.txt / /mnt/synology/raspberry_backup/ --log-file=/home/rsync.log
rsync version 3.1.3 protocol version 31
Copyright (C) 1996-2018 by Andrew Tridgell, Wayne Davison, and others.
Web site: http://rsync.samba.org/
Capabilities:
64-bit files, 64-bit inums, 32-bit timestamps, 64-bit long ints,
socketpairs, hardlinks, symlinks, IPv6, batchfiles, inplace,
append, ACLs, xattrs, iconv, symtimes, prealloc
rsync comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software, and you
are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions. See the GNU
General Public Licence for details.
rsync is a file transfer program capable of efficient remote update
via a fast differencing algorithm.
Usage: rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... DEST
or rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... [USER@]HOST:DEST
or rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... [USER@]HOST::DEST
or rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/DEST
or rsync [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST:SRC [DEST]
or rsync [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST::SRC [DEST]
or rsync [OPTION]... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/SRC [DEST]
The ':' usages connect via remote shell, while '::' & 'rsync://' usages connect
to an rsync daemon, and require SRC or DEST to start with a module name.
Options
-v, --verbose increase verbosity
--info=FLAGS fine-grained informational verbosity
--debug=FLAGS fine-grained debug verbosity
--msgs2stderr special output handling for debugging
-q, --quiet suppress non-error messages
--no-motd suppress daemon-mode MOTD (see manpage caveat)
-c, --checksum skip based on checksum, not mod-time & size
-a, --archive archive mode; equals -rlptgoD (no -H,-A,-X)
--no-OPTION turn off an implied OPTION (e.g. --no-D)
-r, --recursive recurse into directories
-R, --relative use relative path names
--no-implied-dirs don't send implied dirs with --relative
-b, --backup make backups (see --suffix & --backup-dir)
--backup-dir=DIR make backups into hierarchy based in DIR
--suffix=SUFFIX set backup suffix (default ~ w/o --backup-dir)
-u, --update skip files that are newer on the receiver
--inplace update destination files in-place (SEE MAN PAGE)
--append append data onto shorter files
--append-verify like --append, but with old data in file checksum
-d, --dirs transfer directories without recursing
-l, --links copy symlinks as symlinks
-L, --copy-links transform symlink into referent file/dir
--copy-unsafe-links only "unsafe" symlinks are transformed
--safe-links ignore symlinks that point outside the source tree
--munge-links munge symlinks to make them safer (but unusable)
-k, --copy-dirlinks transform symlink to a dir into referent dir
-K, --keep-dirlinks treat symlinked dir on receiver as dir
-H, --hard-links preserve hard links
-p, --perms preserve permissions
-E, --executability preserve the file's executability
--chmod=CHMOD affect file and/or directory permissions
-A, --acls preserve ACLs (implies --perms)
-X, --xattrs preserve extended attributes
-o, --owner preserve owner (super-user only)
-g, --group preserve group
--devices preserve device files (super-user only)
--copy-devices copy device contents as regular file
--specials preserve special files
-D same as --devices --specials
-t, --times preserve modification times
-O, --omit-dir-times omit directories from --times
-J, --omit-link-times omit symlinks from --times
--super receiver attempts super-user activities
--fake-super store/recover privileged attrs using xattrs
-S, --sparse turn sequences of nulls into sparse blocks
--preallocate allocate dest files before writing them
-n, --dry-run perform a trial run with no changes made
-W, --whole-file copy files whole (without delta-xfer algorithm)
--checksum-choice=STR choose the checksum algorithms
-x, --one-file-system don't cross filesystem boundaries
-B, --block-size=SIZE force a fixed checksum block-size
-e, --rsh=COMMAND specify the remote shell to use
--rsync-path=PROGRAM specify the rsync to run on the remote machine
--existing skip creating new files on receiver
--ignore-existing skip updating files that already exist on receiver
--remove-source-files sender removes synchronized files (non-dirs)
--del an alias for --delete-during
--delete delete extraneous files from destination dirs
--delete-before receiver deletes before transfer, not during
--delete-during receiver deletes during the transfer
--delete-delay find deletions during, delete after
--delete-after receiver deletes after transfer, not during
--delete-excluded also delete excluded files from destination dirs
--ignore-missing-args ignore missing source args without error
--delete-missing-args delete missing source args from destination
--ignore-errors delete even if there are I/O errors
--force force deletion of directories even if not empty
--max-delete=NUM don't delete more than NUM files
--max-size=SIZE don't transfer any file larger than SIZE
--min-size=SIZE don't transfer any file smaller than SIZE
--partial keep partially transferred files
--partial-dir=DIR put a partially transferred file into DIR
--delay-updates put all updated files into place at transfer's end
-m, --prune-empty-dirs prune empty directory chains from the file-list
--numeric-ids don't map uid/gid values by user/group name
--usermap=STRING custom username mapping
--groupmap=STRING custom groupname mapping
--chown=USER:GROUP simple username/groupname mapping
--timeout=SECONDS set I/O timeout in seconds
--contimeout=SECONDS set daemon connection timeout in seconds
-I, --ignore-times don't skip files that match in size and mod-time
-M, --remote-option=OPTION send OPTION to the remote side only
--size-only skip files that match in size
-@, --modify-window=NUM set the accuracy for mod-time comparisons
-T, --temp-dir=DIR create temporary files in directory DIR
-y, --fuzzy find similar file for basis if no dest file
--compare-dest=DIR also compare destination files relative to DIR
--copy-dest=DIR ... and include copies of unchanged files
--link-dest=DIR hardlink to files in DIR when unchanged
-z, --compress compress file data during the transfer
--compress-level=NUM explicitly set compression level
--skip-compress=LIST skip compressing files with a suffix in LIST
-C, --cvs-exclude auto-ignore files the same way CVS does
-f, --filter=RULE add a file-filtering RULE
-F same as --filter='dir-merge /.rsync-filter'
repeated: --filter='- .rsync-filter'
--exclude=PATTERN exclude files matching PATTERN
--exclude-from=FILE read exclude patterns from FILE
--include=PATTERN don't exclude files matching PATTERN
--include-from=FILE read include patterns from FILE
--files-from=FILE read list of source-file names from FILE
-0, --from0 all *-from/filter files are delimited by 0s
-s, --protect-args no space-splitting; only wildcard special-chars
--address=ADDRESS bind address for outgoing socket to daemon
--port=PORT specify double-colon alternate port number
--sockopts=OPTIONS specify custom TCP options
--blocking-io use blocking I/O for the remote shell
--stats give some file-transfer stats
-8, --8-bit-output leave high-bit chars unescaped in output
-h, --human-readable output numbers in a human-readable format
--progress show progress during transfer
-P same as --partial --progress
-i, --itemize-changes output a change-summary for all updates
--out-format=FORMAT output updates using the specified FORMAT
--log-file=FILE log what we're doing to the specified FILE
--log-file-format=FMT log updates using the specified FMT
--password-file=FILE read daemon-access password from FILE
--list-only list the files instead of copying them
--bwlimit=RATE limit socket I/O bandwidth
--stop-at=y-m-dTh:m Stop rsync at year-month-dayThour:minute
--time-limit=MINS Stop rsync after MINS minutes have elapsed
--outbuf=N|L|B set output buffering to None, Line, or Block
--write-batch=FILE write a batched update to FILE
--only-write-batch=FILE like --write-batch but w/o updating destination
--read-batch=FILE read a batched update from FILE
--protocol=NUM force an older protocol version to be used
--iconv=CONVERT_SPEC request charset conversion of filenames
--checksum-seed=NUM set block/file checksum seed (advanced)
--noatime do not alter atime when opening source files
-4, --ipv4 prefer IPv4
-6, --ipv6 prefer IPv6
--version print version number
(-h) --help show this help (-h is --help only if used alone)
Use "rsync --daemon --help" to see the daemon-mode command-line options.
Please see the rsync(1) and rsyncd.conf(5) man pages for full documentation.
See http://rsync.samba.org/ for updates, bug reports, and answersバックアップ実行コマンドと定期実行
バックアップコマンド（rsyncコマンド）
sudo rsync -aEv --delete-during --exclude-from=/rsync-exclude.txt / /mnt/synology/raspberry_backup/ --log-file=/home/rsync.log
crontabを編集
以下のcronジョブを登録します。
午前３時にrysyncコマンドを実行するように登録しました。
「sudo crontab -e」で編集します。
@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo crontab -e
0 3 * * * sudo rsync -a --delete-during --exclude-from=/rsync-exclude.txt / /mnt/synology/raspberry_backup/ --log-file=/home/rsync.log
[参考]cron コマンド
crontabファイルで、cron コマンドの実行を記述する行は、6つのフィールドで形成されています。(システムの crontabファイル(/etc/crontab)は、7つ(分、時、日、月、曜日、ユーザ名、コマンド))、コマンドの実行時間をさまざまな形式で指定することが出来ます。
初めてcrontabファイルを編集した場合には、何も書かれていませんので、以下のフォーマットで記述します。また、各フィールドでは、 '*' を使用することが可能です。
分 時 日 月 曜日 コマンド
| 分 | 0～59 |
| 時 | 0～23 |
| 日 | 1～31 |
| 月 | 1～12 or jan～dec |
| 曜日 | 0～7 [0,7は日曜日] or sun～sat |
| コマンド | 有効なコマンドを記述します。空白を含むことも可能ですが、標準のBourne Shellの書式に従って記述します。 |